Migration in simple terms means movement from one place to another for a long period of time. Earlier this term was used usually for birds but as the time changed it ha been started using for humans also. It has become a very common term when there is a talk about developing countries. The movement of skilled labor from developing countries effects their growth.
Let us discuss deep into this problem
Why do people migrate?
It has been seen that skilled work force migrate usually in search for better career option which they observe can be only find outside the home country. The reason may also include political and social stability, and improved educational prospects.
Brain Drain at initial stage
One important facet of the transfer of human resources is the “brain drain.” This phrase describes the migration of intelligent and talented people from one nation to another in search of better opportunities. It is particularly common among students. Imagine a student getting scholarship from US and once they complete their education they will find suitable job for them there itself.
The impact on developing countries
Developing countries like India face a lot of problem due to this factor not only in terms of reduce in population but in terms of economy also. Let us discuss in detail these factors.
Economic impact
India invests extensively in the education of its youth, just like many other emerging nations do. The nation loses its investment when these intelligent people leave. The leaving of future GDP contributors has an immediate economic impact. For example, migrants engineers, physicians, and IT specialists may have made a substantial contribution to the economic growth of India.
Innovation and Development
Development and innovation are essential for a country to grow. The capacity of a nation to innovate is hampered when a significant amount of its talent pool leaves. The IT industry in India is well-known throughout the world, yet a significant portion of this success story is attributed to Indian immigrants. If most of these people had stayed behind and made contributions to the local sector, just think of the kind of innovation that may have resulted.
Social Impacts
Migration also has an impact on the social fabric of a nation. Families split up frequently, which can cause emotional and psychological problems. The influence on society is significant since many of the migrants come from higher educated and progressive backgrounds and could have become powerful individuals and change agents in their native countries.
The Medical Field
India’s healthcare industry has also been severely impacted by migration. A large number of Indian physicians and nurses are employed overseas, mostly in the UK and the US. India now faces a scarcity of medical personnel as a result of this diaspora, which is especially troubling considering the nation’s large and expanding population.
Ways to address this problem
Providing better opportunities
Lack of possibilities is one of the main causes of migration. Countries can keep their talent by enhancing the labor market and generating greater work opportunities. This entails making industry investments, promoting entrepreneurship, and fostering an atmosphere that fosters development and innovation.
Encouraging Migration Returns
Return migration, sometimes known as the “brain gain,” is the movement of people who have immigrated overseas to return home. Developing nations can provide incentives for these people to come back and support the local economy. This could entail establishing special zones for research and development, giving subsidies, or lowering taxes.
Migration of human resources has two aspects. On the one hand, it gives people the opportunity to better their lives and realize their goals. However, it poses problems for underdeveloped nations, who miss out on the finest and the brightest.
Necessary measures by the government for migrant workers:
| Government schemes | Details about the schemes |
| Janani Suraksha Yojana |
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| Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana |
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| National Scheme for Welfare of Fishermen and Training and Extension |
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| Mahatma Gandhi Bunkar Bima Yojana |
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India’s migratory history highlights how complicated this problem is. The transfer of IT specialists and healthcare personnel has brought forth difficulties, but it has also brought attention to areas that require development. Developing nations might possibly reduce the negative effects of human resource movement and convert brain drain into brain gain by prioritizing the creation of better opportunities, improving the standard of living, and promoting return migration.
Creating a world where people may find prosperity and equal chances wherever they are instead of feeling forced to leave their native country to pursue their ambitions should be the ultimate goal.
